GLOSSARY

Steel is considered an alloy when it contains alloying elements of at least 1.65% manganese, .60% copper, and .60% silicon.

Heating to a temperature above or below the critical range, followed by controlled cooling to below the critical range. This process changes the metal’s microstructure. Depending on the process, this can harden or soften the metal, as well as remove stresses, and change other properties.

American National Standards Institute

American Petroleum Institute. A trade association founded in 1919. Developed standardized testing of drill equipment. API licenses the use of its logo to companies willing to adhere to API minimum standards or specifications. Works closely with ISO

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society for Testing Materials

is the process of forming a horizontal bore by jacking the steel casing through the earth from a main shaft to a reception shaft. Spoil is removed from inside the encasement by means of a rotating auger.

An equation which shows the relationship of internal pressure to allowable stress, nominal thickness, and diameter.

Tests used to determine ductility of steel subjected to bending.

The angle between the prepared edge of the end of a pipe and the plane perpendicular to the surface.

A semifinished round or square solid that has been hot worked.

are a simple and cost-effective way to fulfill mooring requirements and safely secure vessels alongside jetties, berths, wharves, and dolphins in ports and harbors.

a short, thick post on the deck of a ship or on a wharf, to which a ship's rope may be secured.

A cleaning process by which used or surplus pipe has the OD brushed to remove any scale, rolled in order to cover all surface area, and sprayed with a protective lacquer coating.

A destructive test by which hydraulic pressure is used to determine actual yield strength.

are generally used as the means to complete new construction, and may act as a cofferdam of sorts while the construction is ongoing. Cofferdams however, are not part of the permanent structure, and are typically employed to perform repairs or maintenance on the structure.

A metal alloy formed by combining iron and carbon.

(CIDH) piles are commonly used in the construction of bridge structures, and refer to a construction method in which the reinforced concrete piles are cast in drilled holes to predetermined elevations using a heavy wall steel casing to prevent caving.

The method used to measure the amount of energy absorbed by a notched specimen during fracture as a result of an impact load.

is the process of extracting coal from the ground.

The process of covering the steel with another material to protect against corrosion

an upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an entablature, arch, or other structure or standing alone as a monument.

Method of pipe production in which the material is furnace welded in continuous lengths, and later cut to length. Normally seen for sizes ½” OD to 4” OD

Threaded sleeve used to connect two lengths of pipe

Corrosion Resistant Alloys.

a tunnel carrying a stream or open drain under a road or railroad.

is the practice of extending or restoring the service life of a culvert without removal of the existing culvert. ... Definitions Sliplining: Placing of a smaller diameter liner culvert into a larger diameter host pipe.

Construction dewatering, unwatering, or water control are common terms used to describe removal or draining groundwater or surface water from a riverbed, construction site, caisson, or mine shaft, by pumping or evaporation

is a technique used by oil-extraction companies in order to access oil in underground reserves. Most oil wells are positioned above the targeted reservoir, so accessing them involves drilling vertically from the surface through to the well below.

are commonly used in dredging to transport the dredged materials from the dredger to the disposal site. Cutter suction dredgers in particular use hydraulic transport. Hopper dredgers also use pipelines to transport the soil from the hopper to shore, for instance, in land reclamation projects

The measure of roundness or eccentricity of the inside wall of pipe

Drilled shafts, also referred to as drilled piers, caissons or bored piles, are deep foundation solutions used to support structures with large axial and lateral loads by excavating cylindrical shafts into the ground and filling them with concrete.

is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section in solid material. There are four main methods for drilling rocks :percussion drilling, churn drilling, diamond drilling and rotary drilling

Double Random Length. 35 feet minimum average.

Nondestructive method of testing where eddy current flow is included in the tested object. Changes in flow of current are analyzed.

a vertical shaft in a building to permit the passage of an elevator from floor to floor.

Electric Resistance Weld. Pipe manufactured by rolling steel into the desired tube size and welding the seam. Usually for sizes 2 3/8” OD to 22” OD

Full Length Drift.

The casing method is applicable to sites where the soil conditions are such that caving or excessive soil or rock deformation can occur when a hole is drilled

is, in essence, using big machines to put big holes in the ground. ... To do this, large construction projects use foundation drilling rigs to create drilled shafts. Also known as drilled piers, caissons or bored piles, drilled shafts are constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled hole.

is defined as a series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground to transmit loads to a lower level of subsoil. A pile is a long cylinder made up of a strong material, such as concrete or steel. Piles transfer the loads from structures to hard strata, rocks, or soil with high bearing capacity

A test by which a piece of metal is broken to examine the fracture and determine the crystalline structure or carbon content.

Heating the pipe past the critical point, and cooling at room temperature. This process helps create uniform hardness.

The process of coating iron or steel in a protective layer of zinc

is drilling which is often related to the construction of a structure such as a building or an oil rig. It can be part of the construction process as well as part of the investigation process conducted on site before the structure is built.

Used to identify the different types of steel based on carbon content or other properties.

Resistance of a metal to plastic deformation, usually indentation. Sometimes refers to stiffness or temper.

The chemical analysis representative of a heat of steel, determined by analyzing a test sample obtained during the pouring of the steel.

A spud barge is a type of barge that is moored by through-deck pilings or steel shafts, which are pipes driven into the sand at the bottom of a river or sea to provide extra stability. These pipes are often called “spuds,” which is how the spud barge got its name. Spud Barges are favored for their size and steadiness in offshore work zones, but they’ve been adapted to serve other purposes as well.

Hydrogen Induced Cracking. Used to evaluate the resistance of pipeline and pressure vessel plate steel to cracking caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion.

Welding technique used during ERW.

Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig.

(sometimes also called pipe jacking) is a trenchless method for installation of steel pipes and casings.

Mill test where the pipe ends are sealed, and high pressure water is introduced at predetermined pressures.

Internal diameter, the measured size of the only hole you should find in your pipe.

Test to determine behavior of materials when subjected to high rates of loading, typically from bending, tension, or torsion.

International Organization for Standardization

Box jacking is a tunneling method that involves the jacking of rectangular reinforced cement concrete (RCC) sections into the ground. The practice is used in highway construction as well as in trenchless operations such as constructing culverts under road and rail embankments.

A single piece of Pipe. Typically used as a substitute to Footage in reference to QTY.

Kilopounds per square inch. A measurement used to define Tensile and Yield strength, equivalent to 1,000 lbs. Example: N-80 grade tubing has 80 KSI minimum yield, 110 KSI max yield, and 100 KSI minimum tensile strength.

Limited Service pipe not meeting specification, usually rejected at the mill. Material independently tested/inspected to meet the end users requirements. No recourse with the mill or manufacturer.

Manufactured for the conveyance of oil and gas in transmission lines, distribution main lines, and offshore pipeline systems.

Testing method which utilizes iron powder and electromagnetic current to detect cracks and other problems on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Nondestructive.

Maximum Allowable Operations Pressure.

are a simple and cost-effective way to fulfill mooring requirements and safely secure vessels alongside jetties, berths, wharves, and dolphins in ports and harbors.

is the process of building deep foundations into the ground below sea level to support buildings and structures that are offshore.

The science related to extraction of metals from ore and the adaptation and/or application of the metals.

is an underground tunnel construction technique used to construct utility tunnels from approximately 500mm to 4,000mm in diameter. Because these tunnels have such a small diameter, it is not possible to have an operator driving the machine, so the tunneling machines have to be remotely operated from an operation panel within a purpose-built control room on top of the ground.

Surface finish produced on sheet and plate steel, with characteristics of the ground finish on rolls used to fabrication

Non Destructive Examination.

Standard pipe size designation

Heating material to at least 100f above the critical temperature and cooling over time at room temperature. This process recrystallizes and refines the grain structure, as well as provides uniformity of hardness to the product.

Oil Country Tubular Goods.

Outer Diameter. This is the first term generally used when describing pipe.

demarcate pedestrian versus vehicle areas, and protect parking infrastructure such as ticket machines, officer booths, and mechanical security gates. Parking lot bollards can also guard sidewalks and building entrances.

A bollard is a short post used to create a protective or architectural perimeter. When installed primarily as a visual guide, they guide traffic and mark boundaries. ... Bollards can also be constructed to physically block vehicle incursion, protecting people and property.

is a technique for installing underground pipelines, ducts and culverts. Powerful hydraulic jacks are used to push specially designed pipes through the ground behind a shield at the same time as excavation is taking place within the shield. The method provides a flexible, structural, watertight, finished pipeline as the tunnel is excavated.

A prebuilt steel pipe structure is driven into the ground, typically with large impact hammers. The piles remain in place primarily through friction with the soil.

Steel pipe pile is a type of steel piling material. It is usually referred to as a carbon steel pipe manufactured in seamless or welded , used for supporting and stabilizing the foundation of a building.

A prebuilt steel pipe structure is driven into the ground, typically with large impact hammers. The piles remain in place primarily through friction with the soil. The pile designs will vary depending on the ground conditions and support expectations, enabling the pile systems to be adapted to any specific needs. Because they are made of steel, they can handle extremely heavy loads, and the right steels can make them virtually impervious to environmental conditions. Different options also allow clients to get the most effective materials for any pipe piles.

Powered by compressed air the ramming tool attaches to the rear of the casing or pipe, pushing the casing into the ground with repeated percussive blows

Pounds Per Foot. A typical unit of measure to express the wall thickness and weight of a length of pipe. Pounds Per Foot is calculated as 10.69 * (OD – Wall Thickness) * Wall Thickness = PPF

Quantity

Heating the material and cooling rapidly in air or liquid to produce a desired crystalline structure.

Utilities or Pipelines that are installed under tracks by boring, jacking

Removable carbon steel bollards can be manually lifted and removed to provide access to areas that are otherwise blocked off.

Random length

also known as horizontal casing, is installed horizontally using trenchless technology that does not interrupt activity above ground. Other utilities such as water mains, gas pipes, power cables, and fiber optic cables are then installed inside the casing.

Square Cut

Iron oxide (rust) that builds up on the surface of steel

ANSI numbers used to define pipe wall thickness

Secondary means it is on the secondary market instead of the primary market as new or prime

are typically used at construction sites in order to provide temporary support of soil and existing structures. Sheeting consists of complete systems of shoring driven or vibrated into the soil with no lagging required.

A freestanding sign with visible support structure.

Seamless. Pipe which has been extruded from a billet, rather than rolled and ERW from a coiled sheet.

Specified Minimum Tensile Strength

Specified Minimum Yield Strength

are round steel pipe piles available in varying lengths that can include either a plate to which the solar panel bracket(s) can be attached or holes drilled into the end of the pipe where clamps can attach the solar panel brackets.

Single Random Length

Identifying information painted onto the OD of pipe

Either mill new pipe that has been shaped to specification, or used OCTG which is still structurally sound and can be cut and welded to the desired shape.

is a type of steel construction pipe that meets certain standards of chemical composition and mechanical properties.

Testing done to determine if the pipe has any external defects such as bad welds or burns.

Threaded and Coupled

Thread Both Ends

The value obtained by dividing the maximum load observed during tensile straining until breakage, by the specimen cross-sectional area prior to straining.

steel pipe with threaded profiles are designed and manufactured in order to provide connection and seals between the equipment and pipes. Construction application; Micropiling, Pin Piles, Drill Rod, Oil & Gas Drilling and Production Casing.

The property of absorbing energy before fracturing

Triple Random Length

A nondestructive method of detecting, locating, and measuring both surface and subsurface defects in metals using high-frequency sound.

by digging or constructing access tunnels, adits, ramps, or shafts and excavating directly from the natural mineral deposits exposed.

The thickness of the pipe body

is the tube-shaped structure placed in the well to maintain the well opening from the target groundwater to the surface. Along with grout, the casing keeps dirt and excess water out of the well